Vessel for aerial navigation



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NTED STATES lFinca.

ALBERT L. BLAGKMAN, OF NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE.

VESSEL FOR AERIAL NAVIGATION.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 259,464, dated June 13, 188.2.

(No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALBERT L. BLACKMAN, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Nashville, in the county of Davidson and State of Tennessee, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Vessels for Aerial Navigation and Machinery for Actuating and Handling Aerial Vessels; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it apperta-ins to make and use the same, reference being had to the .accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part or this specification.

My invention relates to certain improvements in vessels for aerial navigation, and in machinery for propelling and handling the same; and it consists in securing a combined rubber-packed hinge arranged along the sides at the gunwales as well as on either side of the dome-ridge in the metal covering of vessels for aerial navigation, whereby the flexible covering of the gas-field of such vessels may move as 011 a hinge in expanding and collapsing without danger of cracking or otherwise injuring the metal.

It also consists in constructing the cabins, engine, store, and other living and business rooms within the vessel in such a manner that by closing the doors and windows the airmay be compressed within the vessel to any desired density for use in high altitudes, and also by connectingsaidliving-rooms and business-compartments with the outer air with pipes provided with automatic escape-valves arranged to relieve the internal pressure.

It also consists in carrying the steam-pipes and smoke-stack through a tire-proofand heatrepellant chimney passing up through the gasiield ofthe vessel.

It consists, also, in connecting the several gas-compartments with a gas-reservoir and gas-condensers by connecting-pipes provided with automatic as well as manual valves.

My invention further consists in arranging dead-eyes in or near the bottom of the vessel, through which the anchor-cable may be paid out or hauled in over winches arranged in the vessel for that purpose; and, also, in arrangpacked hinge. Fig. 10is the side elevation of ing bnlls-eyes for light adjusted in the cabin from above. Y

My invention also consists in simplifying the propelling machinery, so that the several side and after screws may all be actuated simultaneously or each separately and changed to work upward, downward, forward, backward, or laterally at the will of the engineer, as well as in simplifying the machinery for changing the position ofthe several screws.

It also con/sists in providing an automatic pendulum-lever attachment to the revolving cylinder-shafts which carry the side screws, by and through which the direction of the side screws may be automatically changed to such a position as will best conduce to keep the "essel on a level keel.

It also consists in the manner of securing the plates of metal used for covering the vessel to one another. All of which is more fully pointed out in the specification following, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

Figure lis a side elevation ot' a complete vessel in flight. Fig.2 is a vertical longitudinal section ofthe same, showing the gas-condensers, gas-receivers, engine-room, engine, smoke-stack, cabin general frame ofthe vessel, lines, cords, and bracings, as well as the location of the after screw and its actuating-shaft. Fig. 3 is a planfof the same, showing thclocation and general arrangement ot' the actuating machinery and the side and rear screws. Fig. 4 is a plan of the cabin rearward and forward passages. Fig. 5 is a plain cross-section of the vessels cylinder. Fig. 6 is a cross-section ot' the vessel in the center, showing the steam and smoke pipes and casing, the side screws, the engine and engine-room, cabin, and general supporting-braces. Fig. 7 is a fragment of the outer covering of the vessel, showing the outside netting and the manner otjoining the sheets of metal together and the adjustment of the rubber-packed hinge. Fig. 8 is a cross-section of a fragment of the outer cover of the vessel, as well as the rubberpacked hinge attached to the end of a crossgirder. Fig. 9 is a side elevation of a fragment ot' the outer covering of the vessel, showing a side-wheel journal-bearing and the rubber- IOO the bearing for a sidescrew shaft passing through the side of the vessel. Fig. 1l is a plan of the actuating machinery for aerial vessels, showing, besides the raising, lowering, and propelling side screws, propelling, raisin g, lowering, an d steering after screws, the propelling-shai'ts gear for shifting the position of the several screws, and the adjusted pendulum-lever for keeping an even keel. Fig. 12 is a plan of the shaft for carrying and mechanism for changing the position ot' the after screw, showing a sliding loop, corrugated on the inside, the universaljoint, the reversing-gear, and screw. Fig. 13 is a side elevation of the same. Fig. 14 is the termination of the rear shat't with an adjustment for changing the direction of the after screw. Fig. 15 is a plan of a fragment of the vessels body, looking up from the bottom, showing the lookout-galleries. Fig. 16 is a cross-section of the body ot' the ship, showing the protrudinglookout-galleries. Fig. 17 is an automatic pendulum-lever. a hand-lever.

- The several letters of referenceindicate corresponding parts. v

The general frame of the vessel com prehends the top cord or dome-ridge, A, keelson B, center cord, C, gunwales D D', thwarts E E', subgnnwales F F', cross-girders c c c c, 85e., crossgirders z' i z' i, &c., longitudinal cord G, stanchions H H H H H, Src., braces d d 61,850., cross-braces b b b, &c., ties h h h, &c., all preferably ot' steel tubing, and nodes a a'.

The dome-ridge Ais inform a plane abruptly curved to a central point aft and gradually drooped to a centralpoint forward. It passes over from the stem to the stern of the vessel, and, being secured at its ends, forms the main upper support of the vessel.

The keelson B is of the same form as the dome-ridge A, but in a reverse position, secured by the ends in the nodes a a fore and aft, and forms the main lower or under support of the vessel.

The center cord, G, is securedat the nodes a a' fore and aft, passing longitudinally through the vessel, becoming the main lateral support of the vessel. The two gunwales D D', identical in form with cords A and B, are secured by the ends in the nodes a a fore and aft and pass elliptically along the sides of the vessel `ou a plane with central cord, C, giving the vessel lateral diameter corresponding with the vertical diameter given by the dome-ridge A and keelson B.

The thwarts E E' are inside of and run parallel with gunwales D D'. Thesethwarts are secured by the ends in the sides of the gunwales D D' forward, and, making abrupt curves inwardly, intersect and are by the ends secured to the central cord, C, aft.

The cord G passes longitudinally through the vessel from stem to stern vertically beneath cord C, intersects and is secured fore and aft in the angles 0f keelson B.

The sub-gunwales F F' are curved similar to Fig. 1S is thwarts E E', run parallel with but vertically below them on a plane with longitudinal cord G.

The crossfgirders c c c c, Ste., intersect, lie across, and are secured to lthe gunwales D D', thwarts` E E', and central cord, C, furnishing the central lateral bracing for the vessel, the base of the gas-held, the ceiling of the cabin, and the supports for the pendent actuating machinery.

The cross-girders it' i i, tbc., lie across, intersect with, and are secured to the sub-gunwales F F' and longitudinal cord G, forming the door ofthe cabin and ceiling to the store, freight, engine, and other rooms below. The keelson B is the basis of the lower Hoor.

The stanchions or vertical posts H H H H, Src., which intersect with and are secured to keelson B, cords G and O, and dome-ridge A, form the main vertical supports, braces, and ties of the vessel.

The cross girders c c c, 85e., Vi i z, &c., and stanehions or posts H H H, Ste., are arranged at such intervals as will best conduce to strengthen the vessel and to add no unneces sary weight to be lifted.

The braces, cross-braces, and ties d, b, and h are arranged in such a manner as to securely tie and strengthen the several parts and bind them lirmly together.

' The frame, as described, is secured at all of its several intersections in any substantial manner whereby great strength, combined with lightness, may be secured, and the whole thoroughly braced throughout, asV shown in the drawings.

Longitudinally the vessel is divided internally into'gas-compartments by air and gas tight laterally-arran ged bulk-heads j j j j, &c., preferably of light metal of great. tensile strength, of the full diameter ot' the vessel at the several points, the better to control intlation and to provide against accident from leaks, ruptures in the envelope, &c.

In the center of the vessel, between the lines marked x, the gas-field comes down but to cord G, forward and aft of which points, with the exception of narrow passage-ways o o', to the machinery, Src., and through which gassupply and gas-exhaust pipes u" n" are carried. The gas-field involves the en tire area of the vessel.

The several gas-compartments are connected with a general gas-reservoir, l l', gas-condensers m m', and gasgenerator k by means of a series of pipes, n u', arranged along the inte rior passages, o o', and each is supplied with an exhaust-pipe connected with a general eX- haust-pipe, a', passing out at the stem of the vessel, and each pipe is supplied with both an automatic valve and a valve to be operated by hand.

The entire vessel is ineased or inclosed in a general envelope, K, preferably of thin steel plates, riveted, welded, or soldered together, as shown in Fig. 7, and made perfectly air and IOO gas tight and fire and water proof, and constructed of material of sufficient tensile strength to sustain the required strain from intlation in high altitudes as well as the atmospheric pressure from without before inflation.

Ranging along the sides of the vessel at the gunwales D D', as well as along and on both sides of the dome-ridge A, from the angle forward to the angle aft, is a rubber-packed and perfectly air and gas tight armored hinge, I I I I, (see Fig. 9,) to enable the envelope of the body of the vessel to collapse or inllate without danger of cracking or breaking the metal at those otherwise stationary points.

In the immediate center ofthe vessel, passing ont from the engine-room below up through the top, is a smoke and steam pipe chimney or well,J-afire, gas, and water proof well-like passage-thoroughly ventilated, out through which the smoke and steam pipes are carried.

Inserted and secured in the sides of the vessel, in the region of cords G G', are pipe-jonrnal boxes L' L', (see Figs. 9 and 10,) through which the revolving cylinder-shafts M M', which carry the side screws, pass from the interior outward, and in which they take their outward bearings. p p' are dead-eyes in the hull of the vessel, through which the anchorcables q q pass from the interior of the vessel outward. i' i' are lookout-galleries protruding beyond the side of the hull of the vessel in such a manner that the vessels side will not obstruct the downward or longitudinal view.

Internally the vessel is divided into a gasfield, as shown, engine-room, machinery-room, store and freight rooms, and a cabin, as l'ollows:

Resting on the lower cord or keelsou, B, sustained by braces, ties, and girders, is a substantial floor, s, preferably of metal, which forms the loor ofthe engine, store, and freight as well as machinery rooms. On this lloor the gas-condensers m, gas-generators k, and gas-reservoirs l, water-tanks, coal-bunkers, cable-Winches, and anchors are located. Above this loor, on a line with cord G, is a second floor, preferably of metal, (see Fig. 4,) which becomes the cabin floor. On this floor are the offices, livin g-rooms, passage-ways forward and aft, and from this floor the lookout-galleries protrude and the actuating machinery is arranged.

The gallery or passage-way o extends forward a short distance from the cabin under cord (l, to admit of visiting the pipes, cocks, and valves communicating with the gas-compartiuents,and for the passage of iudnct and educt pipes. vThe gallery or passage-wayo' extends to the rear of the vessel tothe point o", to furnish means of communicating with the after screw and with the several gas-compartments and to furnish a passage for the revolving cylinder-shaft M2, educt and induct pipes, as well as the general exhaust-pipe 1.

The vessel is raised, propelled, and lowered by one, two, or more large screw-prope1lers,0

O', arranged in .revolving cylinder-shafts M M', passing from the interior of the vessel out through the sides, and is propelled, steered, lowered, and raised by a large screw-propeller, O2, secured in a revolving cylinder-shaft, M2, passing from the interior out through the rear or stern ofthe vessel.

A description of the connections and mode of handling one ofthe side screws will serve for all.

Mis a cylinder-tube,of metal, securedin boxings L in the interior of the vessel and in a boxing, L'in the outer wall of the vessel, in which it revolves on its own axis as ajournal, carrying with it the rotating screw O, as hereinafter shown. On the inboard end of the shaft M is secured a beveled spur, e, which meshes with a bevel-gear wheel, e', as hereinafter described. 0u the outboard end of the revolving cylinder M is a boX or cross-tube head, t, provided with twojournal-boxings, t' t2, into which are inserted thejournal's uu'on shaft P ofthe axle of the screw O.

0n the shaft P is secured a beveled-gear wheel, V, which meshes with beveled-gear wheel V' on the end of shaft Q.

Through the gear-wheel V motion is conveyed to the screw 0 by the beveled-gear wheel V', coming from the actuating-shaft R through revolving shaft Q.

It will be observed that the axes and the impulse ofthe screws() are at right angles to the line of the revolving shaft, M, and thattheline of motion is perpendicular therewith, so that by turning the hollow shafts M on their own axes the impulse of the screws will carry the vessel upward, downward, forwardin short, in any desired direction. The shaft Q, in the meantime revolving on its own axisin journalbearings within the cylinder M, conveys through the beveled-gear wheels V' and V a rapid rotary motion to'the screw O.

On the inboard end of the revolving shaft Q, which is also journaled in a boxing, 3, is secured another beveled-gear wheel, 3', which meshes with a similarly-beveled gear-wheel, 32 or 33, secured by a clutch and lever on the actuating-shaft It.

On each cylinder-shaft M is secured, within the vessel, a collar or inuff, fw, having a protruding lever-arm, w', to which is jonrnaled a lever-arm, 2v2, that connects the collar to with a weighted pendulum, S, carrying a ball, S'.

The pendulum Sis secured on a rocker-shaft, w3, journaled atthe ends and suspended near the side of the vessel about midway between the side screws, when two or more screws are used on the side, the object and purpose being that when the vessel deviates from a horizontal plane the pendulum, swinging to a perpendicular, acting through the lever-arms to' lwz, revolves-the two cylinders M M, one down and its fellow up, thus changing the position or direction ot' the respective screws automatically, as it were, so that one screw will pull downward and the other upward, whereby the ves- IOO sel is immediately brought to a level keel, when the pendulum will at once resume its normal position. These pendulums are arranged on both sides of the vessel, one between each set or two screws adjusted on the same side.

O2 is a stern propelling and steering screw of the same general form and material as the side screws, but differently mounted. The axis and impulse of after screw O2 in its normal position are perpendicular with cylinder-shaft M2 and actuating-shaft R, to which latter it is attached by a universal joint, 2, secured on the inner end of axle-shaftg/ of the screw, after it passes through itsjournal-box z, secured on the periphery of an adjustable circular ring, disk, or sliding bed, 8'. Screw O2 is mounted to be thrown to the right or left, when desired, for steering or raising or lowering purposes by revolving the circular bed 8' on its axis, as hereinafter shown, and through the universal joint 2 it is actuated in a position at right angles to its former position by the actuating-shaftlt, which passes from the interior of the vessel out through cylinder-shaft M2, in which it hasjournal-bearings.

Cylinder M2 has a beveled-gear band, 11, on the interior end, which meshes with beveledgear wheel 11', to be referred to hereinafter. The outer end of this cylinder is provided with a sliding collar or sleeve, 5, having a yoke-bow or branchingarms, forming a looped strap, 6, which adjusts and works in longitudinal grooved ways 9 9 in the periphery ofthe elongated bow or yoke 7, which terminates the outer end of cylinder M2. Said looped strap has rack-teeth 10 on the inner edge of' one side, which mesh with similar teeth ou the periphery of the segment of circular disk or ring 8', which carries the after screw O2, and it revolves on its own axis, the same as cylinders M M', injournal-bearipgs L within the hull of the vessel, in the vessels shell L", and in brackets L3, secured to the outside of the hull of the vessel, and carries within it the actuating-shaft R, terminating in a universal joint, 2. (See Figs. 11, 12, and 13.) n

The loop-yoke 7, which terminates the outer end of cylinder M2, has within the jaws of the loop a circular recessed bearing, 8, in which the circular ring, disk, or bed 8' is embedded and revolves on its own axis, actuated by lthe racked loop-strap 6 when it is desired to change the position and direction of impulse ot' the screw O2, and is channeled on the periphery for guiding the loop-strap 6.

The circular disk or ring S', embedded and revolving in the recess 8 in the loop-yoke 7, is provided with rack-teeth 7 on a segment of its periphery for meshing with the rack-teeth 10 in the strap-yoke or bow 6. 1t is also provided with a sleeve journal-bearin g, 1 in which the shaft, shank, or axle y of the after screw O2 takes its bearings, is secured, and revolved. It is also cut away at the side opposite to the journal-bearing y' to make space for the passage of the actuatingfshaft R and to admit of moving the ring or disk 8' without obstruction.

The sliding sleeve or collar 5 has' two gibs, 5', protruding from opposite sides, and these gibs journal in a cross-head, 52, carried on the end of piston 53, secured at the other end to and handled by a hand-lever, 5*. (See Figs. 11, 12,13, and 1S.) The whole is arranged and designed to change the position of the after screw, as follows: By drawing the lever inboard the sliding collar 5 is drawn up on the cylinder M2, carrying with it the yoke-bow 6, as shown by the dotted lines in Fig. 12, the rackteeth 10 therein meshing with rack-teeth 7' on the ring or disk S' turns ring 8' on its axis, carrying with it the after screw O2 to a position at right angles to the line of the cylinder M2. rlhen by turning the cylinder M2 on its axis the line of travel of the after screw may be upward, downward, or laterally, at the will of the operator, the universal joint serving to revolve it in the new position. The device shown by Fig. Mis a modification of the same arrangement. Vhile I prefer thc arrangement herein described, l do not propose to confine myself strictly to the device shown in its every detail.

The main shaft R ofthe actuating machinery is segregated at intervals, so that one or more of the screws may be stopped or started at will; but it is made continuous longitudinally from a short distance forward of the most forward side screws to the universaljoiut 2, connecting the after screw axle-journal with the main shaft near the stem ofthe vessel,down through the center of the vessel parallel with and below cord C, by a series of grip-clutches, ff' f 2, regulated and governed by levers f3.

About midships of the vessel the main shaft 1t is converted into a double crank, R', throu gh which the power is carried to shaft R and the other actuating machinery from the engine. The shaft R is secured and sustained in position by bearin gs 2l, located in brackets secured at proper intervals throughout its length.

0n shaft R four beveled-gear wheels, 32 33, arranged in pairs, are adjusted and secured by grip-clutches g g' g2 g3, one to each wheel, and each clutch is handled and controlled by a lever, g4, by means of which the beveled wheels are thrown in and out of gear. The beveled faces of each set of gear-wheels 32 33 confront each other, and every individual wheel gears with a corresponding beveled wheel, 3', secured on the inner end ofshaft Q, through which momentum is carried to the side screws.

Through shaft R the entire propulsive power is carried from the engine by the aid of the bevel-gear wheels for the side screws and universal joint for the after screw to the several screws, whereby the vessel is raised, lowered, propelled, and steered; or, in other words, the side screws are geared to the main shaft R by the beveled-gear wheels VV', shaft Q, and beveledgear wheels 3' and 32 33, and may be actuated or permitted to lie at rest by throwing the grip-clutch into or out ot' gear.

IOO

IIO

rEhe axle-shaft of the after screw O2 is connected with the main propelling-shaft R by a universal joint, 2, and may be actuated or permitted to lie at rest by throwing the gripclutch f into or out of gear, so that one and all of the several screws may be started', stopped, run, or lie at rest at the will of the engineer.

Gearing with beveled-gear band e on the inner end of cylinders M M isa beveledgear wheel, e', secured on the end of shafts e6 and e7, which range along on the inside of 'and near the sides of the vessel longitudinally, and secured respectively in journal-bearin gs 12 12 12 12 12 12', in which they revolve, carrying at the opposite end thereof other beveled-gear wheels, e",which mesh with other beveled gear or miter wheels, e, secured on shaft e5, arranged horizontally at right angles to shafts c, and which shaft es is secured and revolves in journalboxings12 l2". Adjusted on shafts e6 and e7 are grip-clutches 13, controlled and handled by levers 13.

In addition to the gear-wheels 6', shaft c5 has at one end a hand-wheel, 14, for turning the shaft in its bearings. In lieu of the handwheel, a crank may be used, so that the machinery can be turned by the propulsive power used to actnate the machinery. Within the bearings, near the end opposite to the handwheel, there is also adjusted on shaft e5 a beveled or miter wheel, e e, controlled by a gripclutch, 15, handled by a lever, 15.

The beveled-ruiter wheel e c gears with a beveled gear or miter wheel, e e', secured on the end of shaft e e, secured in bearings 122 122.

rlhe -shaft e e runs parallel with main driving-shaft It and extends toward the rear of the vessel to cylinder M2, where it carries a second beveled gear or mitcr wheel, 114, which meshes with a beveled gear or miter wheel, 11', secured on a short shaft, 11", secured in bearings and carrying at its opposite end a beveled gear or miter wheel,11, which meshes with beveled-gear band 11 on the inner end of revolving cylinder M2.

It will be observed that this machinery connects the several cylinders together under one control, so that the several grip-clutches, being properly adjusted, by turning the handwheel 14 each and every one of the cylinders are turned in their respective bearings at one time or simultaneously, and, per contra, by unshipping any one or more ot' the series of clutches the remaining cylinders may be simultaneously revolved by this arrangement, changing the course of the vessel-that is tosay, by disconnecting the after screw and turning the cylinder M M so that the screws will cut downward the vessel may be carried to the earth. By reversing them to cut upward the vessel will be carried skyward. By turning them to cut forward and again connecting thc after screw the vessel will be propelled forward.

The engine 17 should be as light and compact as the state of the artwill admit, and may be of any pattern that will best serve the purpose.

17! is the smoke-stack from the boiler-furnaces.r 18 is the anchor-cable winch.

The windows are of convex glass, and windows and doors are furnished with a rubber packing to exclude the air and to conue the air within the vessel when it becomes necessary to compress the air for use in high altitudes.

While I do not desire to confine myself to any specific form of vessel, the form adopted and shown in my drawings I deem to be the most practical of any.

The sharp prow and gradually-increasing lines of entrance of my vessel cause such an easy displacement that the head-resistance is barely perceptible, and the short abrupt lrun aft creates, as it were, a vacuum in the wake of the vessel, so that the air, rushing in to ll the vacuum formed by the moving vessel, strikes the angle of run with such force as to impel the vessel forward, exerting a force or power nearly sufficient to overcome the surface or skin friction.

19 is a wire or cord netting covering the general body of the ship.

Having now described what I esteem as my invention, what I seek to protect by Letters Patent is 1. In a vessel for aerial navigation, constructed with a sharp long entering prow and a short abrupt after run, as shown, a gas-field involving the greater part of the area of the vessel, divided into compartments by lateral gas-tight metallic biillnheads, substantially as shown and described.

2. Vessels for aerial navigation, constructed with a sharp long conical entering prow and a short abrupt run aft on one general frame of metal and under one cover or envelope, made air and gas tight and fire and water proof, provided with a rubber-packed gas and air tight hinge along the sides at each gunwale and on each side of the domeridge, said hinges forming a part of the envelope of the vessel, substantially as shown and described.

g3. In combination, rubber-packed gas and air tight hinges and metal envelope or casing for vessels for aerial navigation, substantially as shown and'described.

4. In combination, rubber-packed gas and air tight rubber hinges in and forming a part of vessels for aerial navigation, and revolving, raising, lowering, and propelling screws on the sides and a raising, lowering, propelling, and steering after screw,substantially as shown and described.

5. A vessel for aerial navigation, comprising a hull and a gas-field constructed on one general frame, preferably of steel tubing, inclosed with sheets of thin steel riveted and brazed together, the whole in the form of a cylinder with a long entering-cone forward and a short abrupt cone aft, having the gas-field divided into compartments by lateral metallic bulk- IOO IOS

heads and the hull divided into doors near the center, and the loors divided into cabin, living-rooms, freight, store, engine, and other rooms for living and business, substantially as shown, and arranged as described.

6. A vessel for aerial navigation, constructed as shown and described, inclosed within one metal cover or envelope, having rubber-packed hinges therein arranged along the sides of the vessel at the gunwales and on each side of the dome-ridge, and doors, windows, ventilators, lookout-galleries, and dead-eyes arranged in the hull portion thereof, the interior of the vessel divided into gas-field and hull, the hull divided into cabin, store, freight, engine, living, and other rooms, the whole in combination with internally-arranged propulsive machinery and externally-adjusted raising, lowering, and propelling side screws and raising, lowering, steering, and propelling after screws, substantially as shown and described.

7. In combination with gas-compartments of vessels for aerial navigation, induct gaspipes provided with automatic as well as manual valves leading from the gas-generator and gasreservoir, as well as educt-pipes provided with hand and automatic valves leading to the gas-receiver and to a general exhaustpipe for intiating o1' collapsing any one or more of such compartments atv one and the same time, substantially as shown and described.

S. Propelling after screws for vessels for aerial navigation, secured to a revolving shaft coming through from the inside and adjusted and sustained in bearings in brackets under the stern below what may be called the sternframe 7 of the vessel, substantially as shown and described.

9. In vessels for aerial navigation, constructed upon one general frame of metal, as shown, a gas-field involving the greater part of the area of the vessel, divided into compartments by lateral gas-tight metallic bulk-heads, in combination with induct-pipes provided with automatic and manual valves, and connecting with a gas-generator and gas-reservoirs, and with educt-pipes provided with automatic and manual valves and connecting with gas-condensers, and a general exhaust-pipe, passing without the vessel aft, substantially as and for the purpose shown.

10. In vessels for aerial navigation, constructed on one general frame of metal and within one cover, a gas-field involving the geater part of the area of the vessel, divided into compartments by lateral or transverse gas-tight metallic bulk-heads, in combination with rubber-packed hinges in the envelope to admit of the inflation and collapsing thereof without danger ot' breaking the metal, substantially as and for the purpose shown and described.

1l. In vessels for aerial navigation, constructed on one general metallic frame in the form of a cylinder, with a long-draWn-out cone forward and a short cone aft and all under one general cover, a gas-eld involving the greater part of the area of the vessel, divided into compartments by gas-tight metallic lateral or transverse bulk-heads, in combination with a cabin, offices, state and other living rooms, store, engine, and other freight and business compartments internally arranged as shown, and also with passage-ways o and o', substantially as shown and described.

12. In vessels for aerial navigation, constructed within one envelope or cover on one general metal frame in a cylindrical form with a long conic prow and an abrupt conical end aft, a gas-field involving the greater part of the area of the vessel, in combination with engine-boilers and other internally-arranged machinery for propelling, raising, lowering, and steering the vessel, substantially as shown and described.

13. In vessels for aerial navigation, constructed on one general metal frame within one cover or casing cylindrical in form, having a long conic entrance or prow and a short conic stern, a gas-iield involving the greater part of the area ot' the vessel, in combination with propelling machinery internally arranged for actuating side screws t'or raising, lowering, and propelling the vessel and a screw aft for raising, lowering, steering, and propelling the vessel, substantially as shown and described.

14. In vessels for aerial navigation, ,constructed as shown, in combination with gasgenerators, gas-condensers, and gas-reservoirs for supplying gasto the gas-field, or receiving, securing, or condensing any surplus occasioned by going into high altitudes, Substantially as shown and described.

15. In vessels for aerial navigation, constructed in a cylindrical form on one metal frame, with a sharp conical prow and an ab rupt conic stern within one general cover, dead-eyes in the lower part ofthe hull for the passage of the anchor-cables, in combination With anchor cables and winches internally ar ranged for hauling them in and paying them out, substantially in the manner and for the purpose described.

16. In vessels for aerial navigation, a pen duluni -lever governed by a ball weight, in combination with levers attached to collars on revolving cylinders,which carry the side screws for automatically revolving the cylinders in their bearings for keeping the vessel on a level keel, substantially as shown and described.

17. A vessel for aerial navigation, built in cylindrical form within one general envelope and on one general frame, having a long conic entrance or prow and a short conic stern, with a gas-field involving the greater part of the area of the vessel, divided into compartments by lateral or transverse gas-tight metal bull;- heads and into cabin, passage-ways, store, freight, and engine rooms within the vessel, the envelope of the vessel provided with rubber-packed hinges on the side and at domerid ge, and actuated from within by propulsive IOO IIO

machinery through side and after screws, substantially as shown and described.

18.l A vessel for aerial navigation, constructed in cylindrical form, with along conic entrance or prow and an abrubt conic stern on one general metal frame and within one general envelope,having asmoke-stack and steampipe chimney made water and tire proof and air and gas tight passing up through the gaseld, substantially as shown and described.

19. A. vessel for aerial navigation, constructed in a cylindrical form, with a long conic prow and a short conic stern on one general frame of metal within one general envelope, having rubber-packed hinges on the sides and at the dome-ridge, as well as doors, windows, and dead-eyesin the lower part of the hull, and a smoke stack and steam-pipe chimney passing up through the gas-field, provided with cabin, passage-ways, store, and freight rooms, engine and machinery compartments within the vessel, substantially as shown and described.

20. A vessel for aerial navigation, built on one general frame and under one cover or envelope in a cylindrical form, carried to sharp conical prow forward and a short conic stern, having one or more side screws working in revolving cylinder-shafts coming through from the inside for raising, lowering, and propelling, also provided with an adjustable shifting,'lower.-n g, raising, propelling, and steering screwaft, workingin looped stays forming part ot' a revolving cylinder passing through from the inside sternward, substantially as shown, and for the purpose described.

2l. Revolving cylinder-shaft M2, terminating at the outer end in a looped yoke, having ways in the periphery and carrying a ring, disk, or revolving carriage embedded therein, in combination with a sliding looped band secured to a collar and under control of a piston handled by a lever for changing the direction of Hight ot' the after screw, substantially as shown and described.

22. Revolvingcylinder-shat'tM2, terminating at the outer end in a looped yoke, having' ways in its periphery, and having a circular carriage or disk embedded in a suitable recess therein, said disk having racked teeth on a segmentof its periphery to mesh with teeth on the inner edge of a sliding looped band secured to a sliding collar operated by a piston handled by a lever for changing the direction ofthe liight of the after screw for vessels for aerial navigation, substantially as shown and described.

23. ltevolvingeylinder-shaftM2, terminating Vat the outer end in a looped yoke, having ways in its periphery, as well as a recess therein for a circular carriage provided with a sleeve journal-bearing for securing and carrying the axle of the after screw, as well as racked teeth to mesh with similar teeth on the inner side of the sliding looped band secured to a sliding collar adjusted on the revolving cylinder and operated by a piston handled by alever for changing the position ofthe after screw from right angles to a position perpendicular to the line of the cylinder, substantially as shown and described.

24. In combination, the after screw O2, journal-sleeve y', circular carriage or disk 8', embedded and carried in recess S in the looped yoke 7, terminating the revolving cylinder M2, the sliding strap-yoke or bow 6, provided with rack-teeth l0 on the inner edge of one side, and secured to a sliding collar, 5, adjusted on revolving cylinder M2 and operated by a piston, 53, handled by a lever, 5", for handling and changing the direction ot' the screw O2, substantially as shown and described.

25. In combination, the at'ter screw O2, journal-axle y', universal joint 2, actuating-shalt R, revolving cylinder' M2, terminating in a loopyoke, 7, having ways in its periphery and a recess,-8, in the interior, the circular disk or carriage 8', having rack-teeth 7' on a segment ot its periphery and a sleeve journal-bearing, y, the siidingstrap-yoke 6, carrying rack-teeth 10 on the inner edge of one ot' the arms secured to a sliding collar, 5, adjusted on revolving cylinder M2, piston 53, a nd lever 54 for carrying, rotating, and changing the after screw ot' vessels for aerial navigation, substantially as shown and described.

26. A pendulum attachment,consisting of a ball, S', lever S, secured on a rocker-shaft, w3, carrying two lateral levers, to2 to2, secured thereto, one above and one below the rockershat't w3, the latter levers by the other ends to lever-arms w fw', forming a part of collars or mn's to w, secured on revolving shafts M M, for carrying the side screws in vessels for aerial navigation, the whole adjusted near the center on the sides within the vessel, substantially as shown, and t'or the purpose described.

27. A pendulum attachment consisting of a lever, S, suspended on a rocker-shaft, w3, carrying a heavy ball, S', dependent therefrom, and connected to two projecting levers, 202 to2, secured thereto, one above and one below the rocker-shaftwf, in combination with lever-arms w' w', forming part ot' collars w ze, secured on revolving cylinder M M forautomatically regulating the plane ot ight ot' vessels for aerialV navigation, substantially as shown and described.

2S. A pendulum attachment consisting of a lever, S, suspended within and near the side ot the vessel on a rOckershatt, to2, and carrying a heavy ball, S', dependent therefrom, and two branching levers, to2 102, secured thereon, one above and one below the rocker-shaft w3, in combination with lever-arms w w', collars w w, secured on cylindenshafts M M,which carry and change the positions of the raising, lowering, and propelling side screws, O O, in vessels for aerial navigation.

29. In combination, the main actuating-shaf t R, provided with a double crank,R', secured in journal-bearings 2l and extending longitudinally through the vessel from forward of the IOS IIO

cabin to the stern, segregated atintervals,but unitable by grip clutchesff'f2, and carrying gripclutchesf7"f2,grip-clutchesgg'g2g3, bevel or miter gear wheels 32 32, 32 32, and universal joint 2, axle y, and screw 02, in vessels for aerial navigation, substantially as shown and described.

30. In combination, main driving-shaft R, having a double crank, It', therein, and secured in bearings 21 longitudinally through the vessel, beveled or miter gear wheels 32 32 thereon, beveled or initergear wheels3 on shaft Q, shaft Q, beveled or miter gear wheels V' V, shaft I), journaledin revolving cylinders M, and carrying side screws for raising, lowering, and propeiling vessels for aerial navigation, substantially as shown and described.

31. In combination, lnain driving-shaft It, having a double crank, R',therein, and secured in bearings 21 longitudinally through the ves` sel within the hull under the gas-field, and segregated at intervals, but unitable by gripclutchesff'f2, carrying grip-clutches g g' g2 g3, arranged for throwing beveled or miter gear wheels 32 33, 32 33 into and out of gear, beveled gear or miter wheel 3' on the inner end of shaft Q, journaled in boxing3 at one end, and passing through revolving shaft M, carries a miter or beveled wheel, V', at the other, the shaft Q, journal-bearings within revolving cylinder M, beveled or mitered gear-wheel V', beveled gear or miter gear wheel V, right-angle shaft P, carrying the side screw, O, and journaled ina cross-tube head, t, on the outer end, and forming part of revolving cylinder M, for raising, lowering, and propelling vessels for aerial navigation, substantially as shown and described.

32. In combination, main driving shaft R, double crank R', bevelgear wheels' 32 32, clutchesff'f2, clutches gg' g2 g3, leversf3 and g4, cylinder M2, universal joint 2, revolving carriage S, journal-sleeve y, after' screw O2, sliding loop strap 6, collar 5, piston 52, lever 54, and beveled-gear wheel 3', shaft Q, beveledgear wheel V', beveled-gear wheel V, right-angle shaft P, side screws,0, cross-tube head t, revolving cylindershaft M, collar w, lever-arm w', levers to2, pendulum S, ball S', and rockershaft 102, in machinery for propelling and handling vessels for aerial navigation, substantially as shown and described.

33. In combination, hand-wheel 14, shaft e5,

bevel gear or miter wheels 6"' 6"', bevel gear or miter wheels e" e", shafts e6 e', miter or bevel gear wheels e' e' e' e' on the opposite ends of shafts e e2, beveled or miter gear bands on the inner end of revolving shafts M M' M M', revolving cylinder-shafts M M', and raising, lowering, and propelling side screws, O' O, for simultaneously changing the position of side screws, O O', in vessels for aerial navigation, substantially as shown and described.

34. In combination, hand-wheel 14, shaft e5, beveled gear or miter wheel e e, beveled gear or miter wheel e c', shaft e c", beveled `gear or miter wheels 114 113, shaft 11", beveled gear or miter wheel ll', beveled gear or miter band 1l, revolving cylinder-shaft M2, terminating in a loop yoke, 7, recessed for and carrying arevolving carriage, 8', journal bearing y, after screw 02, axle y', universal joint 2,main shaft R, and journal-bearings 122 122 z, in machinery for handling, steering, and propelling vessels for aerial navigation, substantially as shown and described.

35. In combination, hand-wheel 14, shaft e5, beveled gear or miter wheels 6"' 6"' thereon, beveled gear or miter wheels e" e" on shafts e6 el, meshing therewith, longitudinal shafts e6 e', secured in suitable bearings, beveled gear or miter wheels ee' e' e'at the opposite ends thereof, beveled gear or miter bands on the ends ot' revolving cylinder-shafts M M M' M', revolving shafts M M', raising, lowering, and propellingside screws, O O' O O', also grip-clutch 15 and bevel gear or miter wheel e e on shaft e5, beveled gear or miter wheel e e' on shaft e e" in suitable bearings, beveled gear or miter wheels 114 113, shaft 11", beveled gear or miter wheel 11', beveled gear or miter band 11, revolving cylinder-shaft M2, sliding muff or collar 5, loop straps 6, revolving carriage 8', adjustable after screw O2, piston 53, hand-lever 54, in machinery internally and externally arranged for simultaneously changing the position of the screws, both on the sides and astern, for raising, lowering, propelling, and steering vessels for aerial navigation, substantially as shown and described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ALBERT L. BLAGKMAN.

Witnesses:

B. LEWIS BLAGKFORD, PIERCE M. B. YOUNG. 

